- Similarity in evolutionarily unrelated groups due to adaptation to similar environments is called A. concentric evolution. B. convergent evolution. C. biogeographic evolution. D. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
- Vertical evolution arises from: Select all that apply. 1. genetic mutations 2. exon shuffling 3. bacterial conjugation 4. gene duplication 5. interspecies exchange of genes
- T/F Molecular homologies indicate that living species evolved from a common ancestor or interrelated group of common ancestors.
- If two genes are homologous, then it can be said that they are a. derived from different ancestral genes but have a similiar functionb.derived from the same ancestral genec.found only outside the nucleus in the mitochondria or chloroplastd. derived from different ancestral genes and have different functions e.related through environmental natural selection
- During the Beagle journey, Darwin visited islands, allowing him to compare island species with continental species. In terms of framing his theory of evolution, why was this significant? A. Because the island species had both similarities to their continental ancestors and unique adaptations to their island environments. B. Because the island species no longer shared traits with their continental ancestors. C. Because the species he saw on the islands had not changed from their ancestral continental form. D. Because the island species had very low reproductive and survival rates as compared with their continental ancestors.
- Exchange of genetic material among different species is called A. homolgous gene exchange. B. horizontal gene transfer. C. exon shuffling. D. genetic recombination. E. exon shuffling and or genetic recombination.
- In comparing the chromosomes of humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans, what type of genomic evolution has occurred in chromosome 2 in the human, as compared with the other three species? A. inversion. B. duplication. C. fusion. D. inversion followed by duplication. E. fragmentation.
- Gene families are created when A. genes duplicate. B. exons converge. C. viral infections occur. D. introns are not removed from the mRNA after transcription. E. both exon convergence and intron splicing.
- What mechanisms can lead to exon shuffling? Select all that apply. 1. a double crossover that inserts an exon into another gene. 2. transposable elements that promote the movement of exons. 3. an increase in chromosome number. 4. formation of a gene family
- During endocytosis, if a bacterial cell is not degraded and bacterial DNA is taken up by the eukaryotic cell, what may have occurred? A. vertical evolution. B. horizontal gene transfer. C. vertical exon shuffling. D. chromosomal duplication and genomic exchange. E. both chromosomal duplication and vertical evolution.
- Genes encoding the blood proteins myoglobin and hemoglobin are derived from a common gene ancestor. These proteins both occur in humans. The genes for myoglobin and hemoglobin are A. analogs. B. topology. C. paralogs. D. orthologs. E. pentalogs.
- The bacterium Bacillus tumefaciens has been harnessed in biotechnology because it can insert a gene from one species of plant into another. This can also occur in nature and is referred to asa.vestigial transfer b.homologyc.horizontal gene transferd.vertical evolution e. exon shuffling through endocytosis
- In humans, structures that show developmental homology with other chordates are ____. A. the eyes and nostrils B. gill ridges and a bony tail C. fore and hindlimbs D. the lungs and vertebrae
- Evolution at the genomic level involves changes in A. chromosome structure and number. B. sequences of amino acids in proteins. C. sequences of nucleotides in RNA molecules. D. incorporation of new organelles such as the mitochondrion. E. DNA and histone relationships.
- You are at the aquarium looking at a freshwater mammal tank and an adult manatee swims close to the glass. On his front flippers you see fingernails. What is a likely explanation for the presence of fingernails on a manatee? A. They are analogous to human fingernails. B. They are homologous to fish fins. C. They are a developmental homology. D. They are analogous to bear claws. E. They are vestigial structures.
- Some major changes that occurred in horse body size, foot anatomy and tooth morphology are hypothesized to be due to natural selection because of A. changes in global climates which resulted in changing environments from forest to grasslands. B. changes in global climates which resulted in changing environments from grasslands to forests. C. changing climates from dry to wet. D. changing climates from wet to dry. E. increase in reproduction of larger animals due to lack of water in the dry environment.
- What idea is shared by both Lamarck's and Darwin's theories of evolution? A. Adaptation is driven by differences in survival and reproductive success. B. Environmental changes can lead to the modification of traits. C. Traits acquired during an individual's lifetime can be inherited by their offspring. D. Evolution involves a continuous increase in complexity.
- Molecular homology can be compared by analyzing the a.sequences of amino acids of various proteins in different speciesb.elemental makeup of different species c.positions of genes on the chromosomes of different species d.vesigial structures of different species e. protein structure during development
- While hiking in Central Florida, you are lucky enough to see many swallowtail tiger butterflies. You observe that there are two types, or morphs, of the butterflies - a yellow morph and a black morph. What is a likely explanation for this? A. The swallowtail tiger butterfly has undergone artificial selection. B. The swallowtail tiger butterfly has undergone gene inversion for the gene that determines color. C. The swallowtail tiger butterfly has more than one allele for the gene that determines color. D. The swallowtail tiger butterfly has a single allele for the gene that determines color.
- Which of the following are examples of molecular homologies? Select all that apply. 1. Use of DNA as an information storage molecule. 2. The lack of an IGF-1 gene in prokaryotes. 3. Similarities among in the metabolic process for the break down of glucose. 4. The biochemical pathways for cellular respiration in plants and animals.5. The biochemical pathways for photosynthesis in plants and cellular respiration in animals.