- When observing the skeleton of a snake, you see the remains of hip and hind leg bones associated with four legged animals. These bones are called ... A. convergent traits. B. analogous structures. C. vestigial structures. D. homologous structures. E. both homologous and analogous structures.
- English ivy (Hedera helix) and wintercreeper (Euonymus fortunei) are not closely related, yet both have aerial rootlets that allow them to climb up and stick to bark on trees. What type of evolution is this? A. Analogous. B. Convergent. C. Radial. D. Bivalent. E. Both analogous and convergent.
- T/F According to Thomas Malthus, food supplies tend to increase arithmetically while populations tend to increase exponentially, which means that populations will outgrow their food supply.
- Introns and an exons are removed from Gene 1 and inserted into Gene 2. What could happen to the protein product of Gene 2 as a result of this insertion? A. Nothing; Gene 2 retains all of its exons so the protein will be translated correctly and will be functional. B. Only the first segment of Gene 2 will be translated into a protein, therefore the protein will be nonfunctional. C. The protein product could be nonfunctional or provide a survival and reproductive advantage. D. Gene 2 gains an additional exon, therefore the protein will provide an additional survival and reproductive advantage.
- What field of study uses geographic distribution of extinct and living species to determine patterns of evolution? a.biology b. geology c.palentologyd.geneologye.biogeography
- Which of the following pairs of structure are homologous? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY 1. pectoral fin of a shark and front flipper of porpoise 2. wing of a dragonfly and wing of a hawk3. wing of a bluejay and front flipper of a porpoise 4. forelimb of a dog and forelimb of a horse 5. wing of a dragonfly and forelimb of a flying squirrel
- The concept of a species was proposed by A. Charles Darwin. B. John Ray. C. Carolus Linneaus. D. Erasmus Darwin. E. George Cuvier.
- The process of natural selection results in: Select all that apply. 1. Extinction2. Random genetic mutations 3. Adaptation 4. Speciation
- Fundamental similarity due to descent from a common ancestor is called A. homology. B. analogy. C. commonality. D. convergence. E. analogy and convergence are correct.
- What scenario best illustrates the process of natural selection? A. a population of mosquitoes develops resistance to a pesticide. B. a plant loses its leaves in a drought. C. a population of foxes increases as more prey becomes available. D. a bear learns to find food at a garbage dump. E. a chameleon's color changes to brown as it sits on a log.
- Darwin's concept of evolution "the theory of descent with modification through variation and natural selection" can be demonstrated by which of the following examples? A. A giraffe stretches his neck to reach higher branches. The exercise of stretching up strengthens the muscles in the neck and legs. This ability to stretch is also seen in the giraffe's offspring. B. A monkey accidently drops her fruit in the salty water of a bay, she recovers the fruit and eats it. She discovers that the fruit is cleaner and tastes better after it has been in the salty water. She continues to wash fruit in the bay before eating. Her offspring see what she has done and also wash their fruit in the salty water. Soon the whole population is washing their fruit. C. Several turtles hatch from a clutch of eggs buried in the sand on a beach. One of the turtles is the color of the sand, the others are darker in color. The turtles all scurry to the water, but one by one the dark turtles are eaten by birds, only the sand colored turtle survives. When it enters the water the sand color changes to a darker brown. The turtle grows, mates and has offspring that are also sand colored when they are born. D. A female alligator gives birth to a male alligator that has the ability to change color to a bright white when it is in cold water. The baby male alligator is quickly spotted by a large bird of prey and eaten.
- You are excited because you just purchased a male guppy that has red, blue and green colors on its fins and tail. Your guppies at home do not have this combination of colors. You place the new male in with three females for mating purposes. After three weeks you have many new baby guppies and with the new color combination. This is an example of which type of selection? A. Natural. B. Environmental. C. Analogous. D. Convergent. E. Artificial.
- Cacti in the deserts of southwestern North America and some euphorbs of the deserts of Africa, have barrel-shaped stems, short-lived leaves, and spines, yet these two types of plants are from different evolutionary lineages. This is an example of A. selective breeding. B. transitional forms. C. homologous traits. D. convergent evolution. E. concave evolution.
- A coral species that currently inhabits a single reef off the coast of Indonesia would be considereda.vestigalb.a transitional form c. endemic d. exotic
- T/F Selective breeding results from programs designed to modify traits in domesticated species.
- The long snout of the giant anteater, Myrmecophaga tridactyla, of South America, and the echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus, of Australia, are animals of different evolutionary lineages that are both adapted to eating ants. This is an example ofa.selective breedingb.anatomical homology c.analogous traits d. artificial selection e. both c and d
- An important message from the work of Thomas Malthus that influenced Charles Darwin was A. animals tended toward "human perfection." B. only a fraction of any population will survive and reproduce. C. population size of humans can only increase linearly. D. inheritance of acquired characteristics. E. none of these. Charles Darwin was influenced by John Ray not Thomas Malthus.
- The gene (IGF1) that encodes a growth hormone has one allele (IGF1-A) that is found in small dogs but not in dogs that are very large. What does this suggest about body size of small dogs? A. Body size depends on how much growth hormone is produced during early fetal development. B. Body size depends on whether or not the IGF1-A allele is present, if it is the dog grows very large, if it is not present the dog retains a small size. C. It suggests that small dogs are small because the IGF1-A allele is expressed, perhaps inhibiting the growth of the dog and the release of growth hormone. D. It suggests that small dogs have more growth hormone released during fetal development but none released after the birthing process. E. Body size depends on nutrition, not on genetics.
- The interlocking rib cage of Titaalik roseae suggests that this transition organism had lungs.What other traits were found in T. roseae, but not in its ancestral form? A. An upright stance. B. Wings and scales. C. Primitive wrist and finger-like bones. D. Live young and fins. E. Articulating hip bones.
- Evolution, viewed on a small scale, as it relates to changes in a single gene or allele frequency in a population over time is called a.macroevolutionb.speciation c.genetic evolution d.phenotypic evolution e.microevolution