- Why is bargaining over future power (shift of power) especially difficult in international relations?1) states do not have reasonable explanations about the future power distribution2) states have secret sources of power that cannot observed3) a state cannot make a credible commitment to not use increased power to make further demands4) a state will make up the power loss by forming new alliances and engaging in other risky decisions instead.5) rising states have incentives to initiate war after they have become strong enough to steal stuff from the declining states
- What is one reason why there would be a democratic peace?1) people who want to be leaders of democracies are more peaceful than leaders of autocracies2) citizens of democracies are able to use a domestic institution system to resolve their differences3) autocratic leaders are less likely to go to war because heir position are more tenuous than democratic leaders4) the citizens who bear the cost of war restrain leaders who beginning international conflict5) democracies are more peace-loving are war-prone than non democracies by nature
- How do democratic institutions help reduce informational problems?1) democratic governments conceal information public, so allies and enemies do not know their capabilities2) policy decisions are usually debated in public, so foreign governments can obtain more information about the country's willingness to fight3) citizens can easily ascertain how well a conflict is handled and can vote a leader out of office at the next election 4) international organizations with no suppression of information can freely monitor states to make sure they are not cheating on their agreements5) interest groups in democratic countries can provide valuable expert advice on how to deal with possible conflicts.
- Which of the following is most likely to lose office after leading their country into war?1) an autocratic leader whose country wins a war2) an autocratic leader whose country loses a war3) an democratic leader whose country wins a war4) an democratic leader whose country loses a war5) leaders almost never lose office after winning a war
- While the United States has pledged to defend South Korea, there is little expectation that South Korea would be in a position to return the favor if the U.S homeland were attacked. This is an example of..?1) balance of power2) offensive alliance3) asymmetric alliance4) collective security5) prisoners dilemma
- T/F:The first strike advantage itself does not cause war.
- T/F:"Commitment problems lead to war primarily because they are no settlements that both would prefer to conflict"
- While the Klingons and Romulans have long been enemies, the Klingons recognize how powerful the Romulans are and so they join them in declaring war on the relatively weak Vulcans so that they can share in the spoils. This is an example of what concept?1) prisoners dilemma2) asymmetric alliance3) bandwagoning 4) balance of power5) collective security
- "Although the UN matters less than one might hope, it still makes a difference because UN'sblessing can be a valuable resource." (T/F)
- __________ is a situation in which the military capabilities of two states are roughly equal.When __________ exits, no state has a clear military advantage over the other.1) symmetric alliances2) balance of power3) Bandwagoning4) defensive alliance5) collective security
- T/F:"Defensive alliances are more common than offensive alliances"
- Which of the following are the reasons why some scholars are skeptical about democratic peace theory?a. Democratic states may not have had any chance to fight with each other in the 19th century because there were few democracies at that time.b. democratic states in the 20th century may not have fought with each other because they were allied against more powerful nondemocratic enemy.c. the cost of war is lower for democratic leaders than autocratic leadersd. capitalism may cause both democracy and peace at the same time.
- Which of the following is NOT the problems with the balance of power theory?1) states sometimes ally with other states, not just to gain strength but because they share the same religion2) states sometimes ally with former enemies in order to fight a stronger state3) states sometimes ally with a stronger state instead of allying with others against that state4) states sometimes ally with whom they share an ideology, not because the allies offer the best military advantage.5) states do not always consider stronger states to be threatening and therefore do not balance against them
- Choose the concept that the following statement is describing."This is a situation that a state's commitment to an alliance is so strong that its ally leads it into a war thecountry did not want."1) Ironclad alliance2) Entrapment3) Abandonment4) Strategic ambiguity5) Collective security organization
- Why did the U.S. maintain strategic ambiguity in managing the relationship between the U.S., Taiwan, andChina?1) because the U.S. wanted to encourage to declare a war against China.2) because the U.S. wanted to make China believe that the U.S. will side with China.3) because the U.S. did not want to be entrapped in a war Taiwan recklessly evoked in a belief that U.S.will assist.4) because the U.S. wanted to make the alliance ironclad.5) because Taiwan wanted to avoid the risk of entrapment
- Which of the following is correct about alliance dilemma?a. The weaker side of alliance concerns the risk of abandonment.b. The stronger side of alliance concerns the risk of entrapment.c. The alliance dilemma arises due to a trade-off between the credibility of alliances and effort tocontrol alliance partner.d. To resolve alliance dilemma, most states forge ironclad agreements that they must fulfill.
- Why would states risk being dragged into another war by joining an alliance?1) Allies can control what the alliance does, and the alliance will not be dragged into a war without thewhole alliance's approval.2) Since they are in an alliance together, states can trust their allies not to risk a war.3) A state can easily leave an alliance if its partners needlessly go to war.4) States can clearly signal whether they will support their allies if a war begins and will be able to deterenemies from attacking.5) Alliances make war more likely and states can often gain from a successful military intervention.
- Choose all actions that can improve the credibility among alliance partners.a. Joint military planningb. Joint military exercisesc. Station troops on one another's soild. Public ratificatione. Maintaining strategic ambiguity
- Which of the following is correct about alliance and collective security organizations?a. Alliances form when two or more states have a common interest in the outcome of bargainingwith an adversary.b. In collective security organizations, membership is restricted to a small number of states withcommon interests.c. Collective security organization form under the presumption that all states have common interestin preventing war and aggression, regardless of who the perpetrator and victim are.d. The primary purpose of alliance is not to alter bargaining outcomes in favor of one state oranother, but rather to ensure that changes to the SQ, if they occur, happen peacefully.e. Both alliance and collective security organization are institutions.
- Collective security organizations have been most effective only when there has been relatively strong agreement among the powerful states, and they have been crippled when those states are in conflict. (T/F)