- Choose all the conditions that make states more likely to go to war.a. problems arising from complete informationb. problems arising from conflicts over goods that are easily split between two states.c. problems arsing from the difficulty of committing to honor a deal.d. problems arising from states having changing amount of powere. problems arising from the first strike advantage
- Which are correct?a. state is the sole actor in international politicsb. cooperation always creates additional value. The sum of welfare of both parties will increase than it would otherwise be. c. bargaining and cooperation can happen at the same time d. cooperation will always happen if two parties know they can both better off as a result of cooperation
- Which of the following is a reasonable exception to the Freedom of Information Act?a.medical records for government employeesb.budget for the Department of Laborc.minutes from a president's cabinet meetingd.transcript of meetings between Department of State negotiators and Russian trade negotiators
- States are particularly important actors in international politics they exercise _____._____ indicates that states have the monopoly on the legitimate use of force within their territories.When UN criticizes North Korea's violation of human rights, North Korea regards it as an interference in its ________1) prisoners dilemma2) anarchy3) sovereignty 4) strategic interaction5) dominant strategy
- What does the following statement describe?"This is an assumption that states are coherent actors with a set of interests that belong to the state"1) object is infinitely divisible2) no first strike advantage3) unitary actor assumption4) bargaining range5) coordination zone
- Choose all the conditions that make war less likely?a. increasing the cost of going to warb. concealing states top secrets about military power and military strategiesc. establishing outside enforcement of commitment, including international organizationsd. increasing the number of actors involved in a conflict
- Choose all correct statements about bargaining.a. bargaining is an interaction in which no one losesb. bargaining is an interaction in which actors try to resolve disputes over the allocation of a goodc. because war is costly, bargaining range generally existsd. bargaining range is a set of deals that both parties prefer to a war.
- Which is cooperation?a. A used to get 45, B used to get 25. Now A gets 35 and B gets 35.b. A used to get 30, B used to get 20. Now A gets 40, B gets 20. c. A used to get 25, B used to get 55. Now A gets 55 and B gets 25.
- What does it mean when actors are strategic?1) actors behave with the intent of producing a desired result.2) actors adopt strategies based on what they believe to be he interests and likely actions of others3) actors achieve what they attempted to achieve through whatever means they have 4) actors solve the problem on their own without the help or intervention of governments.5) actors value future and stop pursing short-term interests over long-term benefits
- Once the International Atomic Energy Agency conducts inspections of members' nuclear energy programs and determined whether nuclear fuel has been diverted to produce weapons, the chances of a military disputes between member states have dramatically decreased. This is an example of which way to reduce war?1) increasing transparency 2) diving indivisible goods3) reducing the first strike advantage4) shrinking he bargaining range5) facilitating power shifts between countries possessing nuclear weapons and countries lacking nuclear weapons
- Which of the following best summarizes the democratic peace theory?1) countries with democratic governments are less likely to experience civil unrest than countries with non-democratic governments.2) leaders in democratic governments are less likely to initiate war in a fear of losing offices.3) autocratic countries avoid going to war with democratic countries. 4) democratic countries are less likely than autocratic countries to go to war with any country5) countries with democratic government are less likely to go to war with other democracies
- Choose all correct about war.a. all large scale rioting where more than 1,000 people can be considered as warb. only the military conflicts between state can be considered as warc. states may reach a mutually-preferable negotiation through a bargaining and avoid war if war is sufficiently costly.d. regardless of the cost of war, a settlement that all side prefer to war always exists.
- Which are correct?a. the rally-around-the-flag effect describes citizens' tendency to unite to support their country when a dramatic international event occurs.b. the rally-around-the-flag incentive is created by a leader's temptation to spark an international crisis in order to rally public support at home. c. diversionary incentive is less common than once thought because the war is costly.d. the less secure the leader, the greater the diversionary incentives.
- Why do power shifts lead to war?1) rising states starts war after they have become strong enough to steal stuff from the declining states.2) power shifts only cause problems when the rising state surpasses he declining sate in strength3) declining states choose to fight because they prefer a costly war today to an efficient but disadvantageous peace tomorrow4) the power shift increases the first strike advantage of the rising state5) the power shift makes state anticipates an imminent attack from adversary
- Historical evidence attests that some leaders continue fighting a war even after they realized that the war is going poorly. Which describes the leaders rationale behind this?1) fighting a war brings better outcome than negotiation.2) negotiation starts after the war brings unfavorable outcomes than before.3) declining states choose to fight because they prefer a costly war today to a efficient but disadvantageous peace tomorrow. 4) initiating a negotiation in the middle of a war reveals the information to the public that their countries are losing. Leaders do not want that revealed.5) Most leaders are not afraid of losing office even after they are initiating a losing war.
- T/F:"Democratic leaders who lead their countries to a winning war are more likely to lose their offices than nondemocratic leaders who lad their countries to a winning war.
- What is preemptive war?1) a war initiated by a state because it anticipates an imminent attack from an adversary2) a war initiated by a state because it anticipates its adversary will become stronger in the future.3) a war initiated by a state because another state has refused to honor its treat commitments4) a defensive war fought by a state after it has suffered a surprise attack5) a war fought over the restriction of trade during a crisis between two states
- T/F:"Political cost of backing down is lower in democracies than non-democracies"
- Which of the following is NOT correct about alliances?1) alliance is an external balancing institution 2) alliances are not permanent 3) alliance and arming can happen at the same time4) alliance forms only when members agree to have similar responsibilities and contribute in roughly equal amounts5) offensive alliance is an agreement by which states pledge to join one another in attacking a third state.
- Which of the following is most likely to lose office after leading their country into war?1) an autocratic leader whose country wins a war2) an autocratic leader whose country loses a war3) an democratic leader whose country wins a war4) an democratic leader whose country loses a war5) leaders almost never lose office after winning a war