- Which of the following statements most accurately describes transformation in bacteria?A: Transformation is the creation of a strand of RNA from a DNA molecule.B: Transformation is the infection of cells by a phage DNA molecule.C: Transformation is the creation of a strand of DNA from an RNA molecule.D: Transformation is the assimilation of external DNA into a cell.
- 10) Starch is composed of which of the following?A) branched amylopectin and branched amyloseB) unbranched amylopectin and unbranched amyloseC) branched amylopectin and unbranched amyloseD) unbranched amylopectin and branched amylose
- The cow bos primigenius (which is farmed for meat and milk) has a smaller brain and larger eyes than closely related species of wild ungulates. Which of the following statements best describes the process that led to differences between domesticated/farmed cows and their wild relatives?A) natural selection resulted in changes in the wild species because humans preyed on themB) natural selection resulted in changes in the lineage leading to domesticated cows because humans provided food for their cows C) artificial selection resulted in changes in the lineage leading to domesticated cows because humans wanted animals with high milk output and high muscle contentD) artificial selection resulted in changes in the lineage leading to domesticated cows because humans wanted animals that would see predators and escape from them
- Which of the following statements is correct regarding starch and cellulose?A) They are polymers of glucose.B) They are cis and trans isomers of each other.C) They are used for energy storage in plants and animals.D) They are structural components of the plant cell wall.
- An amino acid is to a protein as a glucose molecule is to ________.A) glycogenB) a lipidC) nucleic acidD) a tripeptide
- An individual experiences abdominal discomfort after consuming a drink containing milk. Aloss of function of which enzyme is most likely responsible for the symptoms?A) lactase that breaks down the bond between galactose and glucoseB) lactose that breaks down the bond between two glucose moleculesC) maltase that breaks down the bond between galactose and glucoseD) maltose that breaks down the bond between two glucose molecules
- Which of the following statements about lipids is true?A) Lipids are not organic in nature.B) Lipids don't constitute of waxes and pigments.C) Lipids mix poorly with water.D) Lipids are true polymers.
- How many molecules of water are required for the polymerization of a 22 monomer-longcellulose molecule?A) 11B) 21C) 22D) 44
- The term insoluble fiber on food packages refers to which of the following molecules?A) celluloseB) polypeptidesC) starchD) amylopectin
- During a 12-hour fast in a human, the first macromolecule to get depleted is typically________.A) glucoseB) proteinC) glycogenD) starch
- Which polysaccharide is an important component in the structure of many animal and fungalcells?A) chitinB) celluloseC) amylopectinD) amylose
- Which of the following best describes glycogen?A) a fibrous protein that helps in maintaining cellular structureB) a storage polysaccharide found in plantsC) has alpha 1-6 glyosidic bonds.D) is formed by the hydrolysis of glucose molecules.
- Which of the following statements best describes Linnaeus' method of classifying organisms?A) Linnaeus grouped organisms according to their linear hierarchy of the scala naturaeB) Linnaeus grouped organisms into increasingly more inclusive categoriesC) Linnaeus grouped organisms into increasingly more complex categoriesD) Linnaeus grouped organisms according to their geographical location
- Starting from the wild mustard Brassica oleracea, breeders have created the strains known as Brussels sprouts, broccoli, kale, and cabbage. Which of the following statements is correct with regard to the wild mustard?A) there is enough heritable variation in the wild mustard to permit these different varietiesB) heritable variation is low in wild mustard--otherwise this wild strain would have different characteristicsC) natural selection is rare in wild populations of wild mustardD) in wild mustard, most of the variation is due to differences in soil or of the aspects of the environment
- Which of these conditions do NOT occur in populations evolving sue to natural selection?A) the populations vary in traits that can be inheritedB) some inherited traits increase reproductive successC) individuals pass on most traits that they acquire during their lifetimeD) more offspring are produced than can survive
- Which of the following best compares dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?A) Dehydration reactions assemble polymers; hydrolysis reactions break polymers apart.B) Dehydration reactions eliminate water from membranes; hydrolysis reactions add water tomembranes.C) Dehydration reactions and hydrolysis reactions assemble polymers from monomers D) Hydrolysis reactions assemble polymers; dehydration reactions break polymers apart
- Why can humans digest starch but not cellulose?A) Humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the α-glycosidic linkages of starch but not the β-glycosidic linkages of cellulose.B) Starch monomers are joined by covalent bonds, and cellulose monomers are joined by ionicbonds.C) The monomer of starch is glucose, while the monomer of cellulose is galactose.D) Starch is softer than cellulose.
- Which of the following terms does not describe a molecule of glucose?A) an isomer of fructoseB) an aldoseC) a hexoseD) a disaccharide
- Which structure is formed by the follicular cells that remain behind in the ovary following ovulation in humans?A) the ovarian endometrium that is shed at the time of the mensesB) a steroid-hormone synthesizing structure called corpus luteumC) the thickened portion of the uterine wall D) the placenta, which secretes cervical mucus
- Which statement about reproduction is false?A) fertilization occurs in the oviductB) spermatogenesis and oogenesis require different temperaturesC) an oocyte completes meiosis after sperm penetrates itD) the earliest stages of spermatogenesis occur closest to the lumen of the seminiferous tubules