- What are telomeres?A: regions of DNA at the end of chromosomes which do not code for making proteinsB: "junk DNA" present throughout the length of our chromosomesC: protein caps found on the ends of chromosomesD: DNA sequences which code for making proteins that regulate cell division
- Which of the following is a biological advantage of storing glucose molecules in branchedpolymers?A) They can be stacked together to save space.B) They are insoluble and so provide strength to the molecule.C) They have more sites for enzymatic attack than do unbranched polymers.D) They are resistant to enzymes.
- How is the aging process linked to telomeres?A: There is only a link between the aging process and telomeres in naked mole rats - but not in humans.B: Cells with short telomeres can no longer divide, so damaged tissues cannot be repaired.C: When telomeres get too long, a signal is sent to the gene to stop the production of all proteins.D: When a person ages, they begin to get larger and larger telomeres.
- What is meant by the description "antiparallel" regarding the two strands of nucleic acids that make up DNA?A: The twisting nature of DNA creates nonparallel strands.B: Base pairings create unequal spacing between the two DNA strands.C: The 5' to 3' direction of one strand runs counter to the 5' to 3' direction of the other strand.D: One strand contains only purines and the other contains only pyrimidines.
- In analyzing the number of different bases in a DNA sample, which result would be consistent with the base-pairing rules?A: A + T = G + CB: A + G = C + TC: A = GD: A = C
- In a bottle of salad dressing, the vinegar separates from the oil because ________.A) water molecules form H-bonds with each other and exclude fatB) vinegar and oil are lighter than waterC) water is lighter than vinegar and oilD) oil is colorless, but vinegar is not
- After mixing a heat-killed, phosphorescent (light-emitting) strain of bacteria with a living, nonphosphorescent strain, you discover that some of the living cells are now phosphorescent. Which observation(s) would provide the best evidence that the ability to phosphoresce is a heritable trait?A: Descendants of the living cells are also phosphorescent.B: The phosphorescence in the living strain is especially bright.C: Protein passed from the heat-killed strain to the living strain.D: DNA passed from the heat-killed strain to the living strain.
- The radioactive isotope 32P labels the T2 phage's _____.A: base plateB: headC: tailD: DNAE: protein coat
- In his work with pneumonia-causing bacteria and mice, Griffith found that __________.A: heat-killed pathogenic cells caused pneumoniaB: the protein coat from pathogenic cells was able to transform nonpathogenic cellsC: the polysaccharide coat of bacteria caused pneumoniaD: some substance from pathogenic cells was transferred to nonpathogenic cells, making them pathogenic
- Which of the following statements correctly describes one of Chargaff's rules regarding DNA?A: The percentages of adenine and thymine are roughly equal, as are the percentages of guanine and cytosine in the DNA of a given species.B: DNA base composition does not vary between species.C: The percentages of adenine and cytosine are roughly equal, as are the percentages of guanine and thymine in the DNA of a given species.D: DNA has a double helical structure.
- Maltose is a disaccharide that can easily be digested into glucose molecules. Which type ofglycosidic linkage connects glucose molecules in maltose?A) β 1-4B) α 1-2C) α 1-4D) β 1-2
- Which of the following statements best describes Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection?A) Darwin's theory was the first to describe the ideas of special creationB) Darwin's theory proved that individuals acclimated to their environment over timeC) Darwin's theory emphasized that populations vary and change over timeD) Darwin's theory was the first to propose that species changed over time
- A species of mouse that is preyed on by owls (which can see color) at dawn and dusk varies in coat color between dark and light brown. Under which of the following conditions will NO evolution occur if climate change results in the color becoming darker?A) dark-colored mice are more likely to be eaten by owlsB) light-colored mice produce more offspring than dark-colored miceC) there is no variability in the genes that control coat colorD) there is no way to make a prediction
- People who are lactose intolerant cannot extract energy from milk because ________.A) an enzyme is not functioning correctlyB) lactose is too big to be digested by the enzymesC) milk is fermented to a by-product, which cannot be digestedD) they are missing the bacteria that can digest lactose
- Hershey and Chase used _____ to radioactively label the T2 phage's proteins.A: 32PB: 35SC: 92UD: 222RaE: 14C
- Which of the following features of cooking oil and gasoline (hydrocarbons) identifies whythe molecules are NOT amphipathic?A) They do not have a polar or charged region.B) They do not have a nonpolar region.C) They have hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions.D) They are highly reduced molecules.
- What is the role of hydrogen in the synthesis of "hardened fats" from vegetable oil?A) Hydrogen reduces the number of carbon-carbon double bond.B) Hydrogen causes hydrolysis to occur.C) Hydrogen causes cross-linking between chains.D) Hydrogen increases the carbon chain length.
- Which of the following statements most accurately describes transformation in bacteria?A: Transformation is the creation of a strand of RNA from a DNA molecule.B: Transformation is the infection of cells by a phage DNA molecule.C: Transformation is the creation of a strand of DNA from an RNA molecule.D: Transformation is the assimilation of external DNA into a cell.
- Chitin is composed of glucose and ________.A) fructoseB) lactoseC) amino acidD) N-acetyl glucosamine
- Who demonstrated that DNA is the genetic material of the T2 phage?A: Watson and CrickB: Meselson and StahlC: Hershey and ChaseD: FranklinE: Darwin and Wallace