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- Starch and glycogen are complex carbohydrates made by joining together long chains of __________ monomers.-fructose-sucrose-cellulose-glucose
- Which of the following dietary fats is considered to be the least healthy?-Unsaturated fat-Saturated fat-Cholesterol-Trans fat
- Which of the following cells contain a plasma membrane?-Animal cells, plant cells, and bacterial cells-Bacterial cells only-Animal cells only-Animal cells and plant cells only
- In active transport,-a vesicle inside the cell fuses with the plasma membrane and releases its contents outside the cell.-molecules move across the plasma membrane against their concentration gradient.-the plasma membrane forms a pocket that pinches inward, forming a vesicle that contains material from outside the cell.-molecules move across the plasma membrane by crossing the lipid bilayer directly, rather than by using a transport protein.-no energy input is required from the cell.
- In fat synthesis,________and fatty acids combine to make fats plus________.-esters; phosphate-glycerol; water-glucose; phosphate-phosphate; glycerol-esters; water
- The most unsaturated fats have ...-the most double bonds.-the fewest double bonds.-the highest ratio of H to C.-the shortest hydrocarbon tails.-the longest hydrocarbon tails.
- A food company hydrogenated a barrel of fat. The treatment ...(a) made the fat less fluid.(b) made the fat less saturated.(c) lengthened the fat tails.(d) put more bends (kinks) in the fat tails.-Both (a) and (d).
- What is the sum total of all the chemical reactions that take place in your body called?-Metabolism-Embolism-Catabolism-Anabolism
- Triglycerides vary with respect to the number of ...(a) hydrocarbon tails.(b) C atoms in the tails.(c) double bonds in the tails.-Both (b) and (c).-All of the above.
- What do DNA, proteins, and fats have in common?-They are polymers.-They contain carbonyl groups.-They contain nitrogen.-They contain phosphorus.-They are polar.
- What is a phospholipid?-A special kind of lipid with a water-fearing head and 2 water-loving tails-A special kind of lipid with a water-loving head and 2 water-fearing tails-A special kind of lipid with 2 water-fearing heads and 1 water-loving tail-A special kind of lipid with 2 water-loving heads and 1 water-fearing tail
- All lipids are ________.-hydrophobic-hydrophilic-hydrolytic-water-loving molecules
- What kinds of molecules can be used as metabolic fuel to produce ATP?-sugars and fatty acids-amino acids, fatty acids, and CO2-water, sugars, and amino acids-sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids
- Explain how molecules other than glucose can be used as energy sources.-They are modified first and then enter the same metabolic pathway as glucose.-They have their own unique metabolic pathways.-They can't; cellular respiration is limited to glucose.-Fats, proteins, and other carbohydrates are similar enough to glucose that they utilize the same metabolic pathway without any modifications.
- The presence of many C-C and C-H bonds causes fats to be ...(a) rich in energy.(b) insoluble in water.(c) low in energy.-Both (a) and (b).-Both (b) and (c).
- How does CO2 move from your blood cells into your lung cells?-by exocytosis-by passive transport-by active transport-by osmosis
- In the reaction that builds a fat,________ groups react with ________ groups.-phosphate; amino-hydroxyl; carboxyl-hydroxyl; phosphate-carboxyl; amino-sulfhydryl; carboxyl
- Which would most likely pass unaided through a plasma membrane?-Something small and charged, such as an ion-Something small and nonpolar, such as nitrogen gas-Something large, such as a glucose molecule-Something small and polar, such as a water molecule
- During digestion, __________ are broken down into __________ through __________ reactions.-proteins; amino acids; hydrolysis-amino acids; proteins; hydrolysis-proteins; amino acids; dehydration-amino acids; proteins; dehydration
- The primary structure of a protein is like the arrangement of beads on a string. In this analogy, the beads are _____.-amino acids-nucleosides-nucleotide bases-codons