- Axons from the OVLT and SFO neurons connect with which nucleus to produce ADH?OVLT and SFO neurons connect to which two things within the cortex? these two areas of the brain are involved with the perception of ___?In what situation do OVLT and SFO neurons stimulate ADH release and the urge to drink water?
- ADH is a highly ____ pathway, changes with as little as 1% can change levels by 1 pg/ml.. this amount will greatly _____ urine and ____ H2O
- non-osmoreceptor mediated stimulation of thirsta _____ in blood volume is sensed via receptors in what circulation?signals are then transmitted to what center in the brain?
- in response to H2O drinking (decreased plasma osmolarity)1. ______ OVLT osmoreceptors in anterior hypothalamus2. increases/decreases secretion from posterior pituitary3. increases/decreases H20 permeability of principal cells4. increases/decreases H2O reabsorption5. Increase/Decrease urine osmolarity and increase/decrease urine volume6. increase/decrease plasma osmolarity toward normal`
- The amount of _______ in the ECF is the most important determinant of ECF volume.a) Na+b) Cl-c) K+d) HCO3-
- T/F: Baroreceptors are independent of osmoreceptors and plasma osmolarity
- what percentage change in blood pressure stimulates ADH release?conversely, what type change in blood pressure suppresses ADH secretion
- In response to H2O deprivation (increased plasma osmolarity), describe:1. stimulation of osmoreceptors in _____ hypothalamus2. increase in ADH secretion from _______ _______3. H2O permeability of ____ cells (which 2 parts of nephron)4. increase in H2O _______5. increase/decrease urine osmolarity and increase/decrease in urine volume6. increase/decrease of plasma osmolarity toward the normal
- OVLT osmoreceptors are sensitive in ADH release. They respond to small changes in plasma osmolaritywhat percent change stimulates thirst?
- Central Diabetes Insipidusincrease or decrease of ADHa lesion compromising - the ____ osmostate can lead to hypernatremia- what 2 places where ADH is synthesized- the ___ pathway connecting the osmostate to the nuclei- any tract involving what pituitary?
- Activation of the EGF receptor leads to a series of protein-protein interaction and finally results in the activation of __________, which initiates a protein kinase cascade.
- even in the setting of severe _______, if non-osmotic stimuli are present, the body will retain H2O and lower osmolarity even further
- is defined as a concentration of Na+ inthe plasma (P Na) that is greater than 145 mmol/L
- in the intermedulary collecting duct, there are urea transporters inserted in response to ______. it pulls the urea out and into the interstitium. how does this impact the osmotic gradient?
- The amount of air remaining in lungs after a forced exhalation
- is defined as a concentration of Na+ inthe plasma (P Na) that is less than 135 mmol/L.
- Amount of air someone can consciously exchange with the environment (inhaling and exhaling)
- In leaving the suprachiasmatic nucleus what is the ADH precursor peptide packed into? It's cleaved as it moves down the axon to the ______ _____ where it is released into the circulation
- Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidusthese disorders result from diminished effectiveness of _____ to cause the insertion of what types of channels into the luminal membrane of principal cells in the distal nephron (collecting duct)*** not listed on OUR final review, but probably good to know
- adding 0.001 for each 3 degrees C above, or by subtracting 0.001 for each 3 degrees C below the calibration temperature (15 degrees C).