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After the disappointing results of the trait-based and behavioral approaches to leadership, scholars began to specifically incorporate the role of the environment into leadership theories. One of the first of these contingency approaches to leadership was Fiedler's Contingency Model (also called the LPC Theory of Leadership), developed by Fred Fiedler in the 1960s.One of the most important contributions from Fiedler's Contingency Model is thata) it recognized that the employees that are the most difficult to work with (Least Preferred Coworker) are also disliked by their managers.b) it recognized that leaders can change and adapt their leadership style since the LPC score is different than a personality trait and is very easy to change.c) it recognized that regardless of whether the situation is "favorable," "medium," or "unfavorable," a strong people-oriented leader will always lead to more productive results.d) it explicitly recognized that leadership effectiveness depends (or is contingent upon) the favorability of the situation. According to Fiedler, a task-oriented leader would only be successful if the situation called for a task-oriented leader.

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