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Selon Eloi LAURENT (L'Impasse Collaborative, 2018) la coopération d'antan en Europe est aujourd'hui dévorée par la collaboration. La coopération en Europe s'est imposée comme une nécessité et non plus comme une possibilité, elle née désormais dans les périodes de crise. Pendant les trente glorieuses, elle a réussi à se construire sans situation de crise. Cependant depuis 2008, la construction européenne ne sait plus avancer sans crise (cela se vérifie encore aujourd'hui avec les Corona Bonds). Pour reprendre ses mots : « Les crises sont devenues le mode de gouvernement normal de l'union, ce qui la légitime pas mal aux yeux des citoyens ». On est bien plus dans la collaboration que dans la coopération.

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