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History of the Americas
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- 70. When elected to the presidency in 1928, Herbert Hoovera.was militantly antilabor and against big government.b.brought little administrative talent or experience to the job.c.understood that his major challenge was to find a solution to the Great Depression.d.combined small-town values with wide experience in modern corporate America.e.had been a successful governor of California.
- 75. In America, the Great Depression causeda.people to blame the economic system, not themselves, for their problems.b.a decade-long decline in the birthrate.c.an increase of foreign investment because prices were so low.d.a shift from Wall Street investment to investment in small, local businesses.e.a growing acceptance by business of the need for federal regulation.
- 80. The Reconstruction Finance Corporation, established by Hoover to deal with the depression, was charged witha.providing direct economic assistance to labor.b.making loans to businesses, banks, and state and local governments.c.outlawing yellow dog (antiunion) contracts.d.providing money for construction of dams on the Tennessee River.e.lending money for federal public works projects.
- 82. President Hoover's public image was severely damaged by hisa.decision to abandon the principle of rugged individualism.b.construction of Hoovervilles for the homeless.c.agreement to provide a federal dole to the unemployed.d.refusal to do anything to try to solve the Great Depression.e.use of harsh military force to disperse the Bonus Army from Washington.
- 79. Hoover was criticized for his handling of the Great Depression, but some historians consider this unfair for all of the following reasons excepta.his measures probably prevented a more serious collapse than the one that occurred.b.his expenditures for relief were revolutionary in that day.c.his government programs paved the way for the massive spending programs of the New Deal.d.his handling of the crisis proved that old notions and programs would no longer work in a major crisis.e.his policies enabled local and state governments to act more efficiently to help people in need.
- 81. The Bonus Expeditionary Force marched on Washington, D.C., in 1932 to demanda.the removal of American troops from Nicaragua.b.an expanded American army and navy.c.immediate full payment of bonus payments promised to World War I veterans.d.punishment for those who had forced unemployed veterans to leave Washington, D.C.e.housing and health care assistance for veterans.
- 84. The 1932 Stimson doctrinea.reversed the United States' long-standing interventionist policy in Latin America.b.committed the United States to join the League of Nations' effort to impose economic sanctions against Japan for its invasion of Manchuria.c.announced the United States' willingness to outlaw war as an instrument of national policy.d.declared that the United States would not recognize any territorial acquisition achieved by force of arms.e.declared Japan and Germany rogue states.
- 76. President Herbert Hoover believed that the Great Depression could be ended by doing all of the following excepta.providing direct aid to the people.b.directly assisting businesses and banks.c.keeping faith in the efficiency of the industrial system.d.continuing to rely on the American tradition of rugged individualism.e.lending federal funds to feed farm livestock.
- 83. In response to the League of Nations' investigation into Japan's invasion and occupation of Manchuriaa.the United States became an official member of the League.b.Japan withdrew its troops.c.Americans called for a boycott of Japanese goods.d.Japan left the League.e.the United States and China moved toward an alliance.
- 68. All of the following were political liabilities for Alfred E. Smith except hisa.Catholic religion.b.support for the repeal of prohibition.c.big-city background.d.failure to win the support of American labor.e.radio speaking skill.
- 65. America's European allies argued that they should not have to repay loans that the United States made to them during World War I becausea.the United States had owed them about $4 billion before the war.b.the amount of money involved was not significant.c.they had paid a much heavier price in lost lives, so it was only fair for the United States to write off the debt.d.the United States was making so much money from Mexican and Middle Eastern oil that it did not need extra dollars.e.Germany was not paying its reparations to them, so they could not afford to pay off the loans.
- 72. The mood in the United States just before the stock market crashed in 1929 could best be described asa.anxious.b.confident.c.pessimistic.d.fearful.e.None of these
- 74. As a result of the Hawley-Smoot Tariff of 1930a.American industry grew more secure.b.duties on agricultural products decreased.c.American economic isolationism ended.d.campaign promises to labor were fulfilled.e.the worldwide depression deepened.
- 77. President Hoover's approach to the Great Depression was toa.leave the economy alone to work itself out of trouble.b.nationalize major industries.c.encourage the states to stimulate spending.d.work for the breakup of business monopolies.e.offer federal assistance to businesses and banks but not individuals.
- 54. Which of the following descriptive attributes is least characteristic of President Coolidge?a.Honestyb.Frugalityc.Shynessd.Wordinesse.Caution
- 73. The impact of the Great Depression on American resulted in all of the following excepta.jobless husbands felt guilt and shame for their families' hardships.b.thousands of banks collapsed, taking with them people's life savings.c.breadlines and soup kitchens emerged to feed the hungry.d.thousands of people lost their homes to foreclosure.e.salaries for those who held on to their jobs rose slightly.
- 67. America's major foreign-policy problem in the 1920s was addressed by the Dawes Plan, whicha.ended the big-stick policy of armed intervention in Central America and the Caribbean.b.established a ratio of allowable naval strength between the United States, Britain, and Japan.c.condemned the Japanese aggression against Manchuria.d.aimed to prevent German re-armament.e.provided a solution to the tangle of war-debt and war-reparations payments.
- 59. The McNary-Haugen Bill passed by Congress and twice vetoed by President Coolidge was aimed to assist American farmers bya.restricting the amount of crops farmers could plant in order to drive up prices.b.having the federal government buy farm surpluses and sell them abroad.c.providing federal support for farm co-operatives as a way of eliminating middle men.d.providing federal loans for agricultural equipment and seeds.e.blocking the import of certain cheaper agricultural commodities from Europe and Latin America.
- 69. One of Herbert Hoover's chief strengths as a presidential candidate was hisa.adaptability to the give-and-take of political accommodation.b.considerable experience in running for political office.c.personal charm and charisma.d.ability to face criticism.e.talent for administration.
- 56. After the initial shock of the Harding scandals, many Americans reacted bya.demanding that all those involved be sent to prison.b.excusing some of the wrongdoers on the grounds that "they had gotten away with it."c.demanding the impeachment of the president.d.suggesting that Harding resign the presidency so that Calvin Coolidge could take control.e.calling for a thorough Congressional investigation.